Converging Lens
\((f > 0)\) Object beyond 2F: Real, inverted, diminished image between F and 2F
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Tulokset
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Teoria ja kaava
Lenses refract (bend) light to form images. The thin lens equation relates object distance, image distance, and focal length.
Lens Types:
- Converging (Convex): Thicker at center, positive focal length, converges parallel rays
- Diverging (Concave): Thinner at center, negative focal length, diverges parallel rays
Sign Convention (Cartesian):
- Distances measured from optical center of lens
- Real images: \(v > 0\) (opposite side from object)
- Virtual images: \(v < 0\) (same side as object)
- Inverted images: \(m < 0\)
- Upright images: \(m > 0\)
Power of Lens: \(P = \frac{1}{f}\) (in meters), measured in diopters (D)
\(\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{u}, \quad m = \frac{v}{u} = \frac{h'}{h}\)
Laskettuja esimerkkejä
Converging Lens
Object between F and 2F: Real, inverted, magnified image beyond 2F
Diverging Lens
\((f < 0)\) Always forms virtual, upright, diminished image on same side