Air to Water
\(n_1=1.00, n_2=1.33, \theta_1=30° \rightarrow \theta_2=22.1°\) (bends toward normal)
スネルの法則計算機
スネルの法則を使用して屈折角をインタラクティブな可視化で計算します
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結果
値を入力して、計算をクリックすると結果が表示されます。
理論と公式
スネルの法則は、異なる屈折率を持つ媒質間で光がどのように屈折するかを説明します。
Key Concepts:
- Refraction: Bending of light at the interface between two media
- Refractive Index: \(n\) = Ratio of speed of light in vacuum to speed in medium
- Denser to less dense: Light bends away from normal \((\theta_2 > \theta_1)\)
- Less dense to denser: Light bends toward normal \((\theta_2 < \theta_1)\)
Total Internal Reflection:
- Occurs when light travels from denser to less dense medium
- Incident angle exceeds critical angle: \(\theta_1 > \theta_c\)
- Critical angle: \(\theta_c = \arcsin(n_2/n_1)\)
- All light is reflected back, no refraction occurs
- Used in optical fibers, prisms, and diamonds
Common Refractive Indices:
- Vacuum/Air: 1.00
- Ice: 1.31
- Water: 1.33
- Glass: 1.50-1.90
- Diamond: 2.42
\(n_1 \sin(\theta_1) = n_2 \sin(\theta_2)\)
解説付き例題
Water to Air
\(n_1=1.33, n_2=1.00, \theta_1=50° \rightarrow \theta_2\approx\) undefined (TIR, \(\theta_c=48.8°\))
Air to Diamond
\(n_1=1.00, n_2=2.42, \theta_1=30° \rightarrow \theta_2=11.9°\) (strong bending)