Crown Glass Prism
\(A=60°, n_{\text{red}}=1.513, n_{\text{violet}}=1.532\), dispersion ≈ 2-3°
Calculatrice de dispersion de prisme
Explorer comment les prismes séparent la lumière blanche en son spectre arc-en-ciel. Calculer la déviation et la dispersion angulaire
Prism Dispersion Visualization
White light enters the prism and separates into its spectrum colors (ROYGBIV). Violet light deviates the most.
Résultats
Entrez les valeurs et cliquez sur Calculer pour voir le résultat.
Theory & Formula
Dispersion is the phenomenon where white light separates into its component colors when passing through a prism.
Why Dispersion Occurs:
- Wavelength Dependence: Refractive index varies with wavelength
- Violet Light: Shorter wavelength (≈400nm), higher n, bends more
- Red Light: Longer wavelength (≈650nm), lower n, bends less
- ROYGBIV: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet
Deviation Through Prism:
- \(\delta = i_1 + e_2 - A\) (where \(e_2\) is emergence angle)
- Minimum deviation occurs when ray passes symmetrically
- At minimum deviation: \(i_1 = e_2\) and \(r_1 = r_2 = A/2\)
- \(\delta_{\text{min}} = 2i_1 - A\), and \(n = \frac{\sin[(A + \delta_{\text{min}})/2]}{\sin(A/2)}\)
Angular Dispersion:
- \(\Delta\delta = \delta_{\text{violet}} - \delta_{\text{red}}\)
- Depends on \((n_v - n_r)\) called dispersive power
- Flint glass has higher dispersion than crown glass
- Used in spectroscopy to analyze light composition
Applications:
- Rainbows (water droplets)
- Spectroscopy and spectrum analysis
- Optical instruments (spectrometers)
- Understanding atomic emission/absorption
\(\delta = i_1 + e_2 - A\)
Worked Examples
Flint Glass Prism
Higher dispersion, \(n_{\text{violet}}-n_{\text{red}} \approx 0.03\), creates wider spectrum
Rainbow Formation
Water droplets act as prisms, dispersing sunlight