Converging Lens
\((f > 0)\) Object beyond 2F: Real, inverted, diminished image between F and 2F
Lens Refraction Calculator
Calculate image formation through lenses with ray diagrams
Ray Diagram
Blue rays show principal ray paths. Green line shows real image.
Results
Enter values and click Calculate to see the result.
Theory & Formula
Lenses refract (bend) light to form images. The thin lens equation relates object distance, image distance, and focal length.
Lens Types:
- Converging (Convex): Thicker at center, positive focal length, converges parallel rays
- Diverging (Concave): Thinner at center, negative focal length, diverges parallel rays
Sign Convention (Cartesian):
- Distances measured from optical center of lens
- Real images: \(v > 0\) (opposite side from object)
- Virtual images: \(v < 0\) (same side as object)
- Inverted images: \(m < 0\)
- Upright images: \(m > 0\)
Power of Lens: \(P = \frac{1}{f}\) (in meters), measured in diopters (D)
\(\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{u}, \quad m = \frac{v}{u} = \frac{h'}{h}\)
Worked Examples
Converging Lens
Object between F and 2F: Real, inverted, magnified image beyond 2F
Diverging Lens
\((f < 0)\) Always forms virtual, upright, diminished image on same side